Concerned scientists - Mar 5, 2013 · Most estimates of life-cycle emissions for photovoltaic systems are between 0.07 and 0.18 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Most estimates for concentrating solar power range from 0.08 to 0.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. In both cases, this is far less than the lifecycle emission rates for natural ...

 
Samantha's blog. Samantha Houston is a senior vehicles analyst for the Clean Transportation program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In her role, she works to promote public policy and private investments for infrastructure supporting widespread electric vehicle integration. She also provides analysis on modernizing electric grids for .... Msu in bozeman

They accounted for most of the failed generating capacity in a number of recent extreme weather events, including Winter Storm Uri in 2021 and Winter Storm Elliott in 2022, according to Gas Malfunction, a new Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) issue brief.Announcing the 2023 UCS Science Defenders. Published Dec 8, 2023. Every year, the Union of Concerned Scientists celebrates several individuals and/or groups who have done outstanding work to defend science, or who have put science to work to help people and change the world for the better. The 2023 UCS Science Defenders share a …Policy & Research Analyst. John Rogers. Energy Campaign Analytic Lead. Juan Declet-Barreto. Senior Social Scientist for Climate Vulnerability. Julie McNamara. Senior Energy Analyst. Juliet Christian-Smith. Western States Regional Director.Kyle Ann Sebastian. Assembled by experts at the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), the Satellite Database is a listing of the more than 7,560 operational satellites currently in orbit around Earth. Our intent in producing the database is to create a research tool for specialists and non-specialists alike by …Melissa Finucane is Vice President of Science & Innovation at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In her role, she ensures UCS positions and solutions are informed by robust, independent, and equity-informed scientific analysis, and works with our technical staff and outside experts to identify leading-edge research … Mailing Address Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc, P.O.Box 273 Mountainhome, PA 18342 Phone: (570) 994-2093 Email: [email protected] Committee of Concerned Scientists An international non-profit organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars dedicated to protecting the human rights and scientific freedom of ... Ten Signs of Global Warming. Ten ways climate change affects our planet. Scientists have taken detailed measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels since the late 1950s. …In a new report released this week, we show that climate change poses dire threats to farmworkers. While conversations around agriculture and climate change have increasingly focused on the devastating impacts of extreme weather, or ways in which farmers might help fight climate change, the farmworkers that are the backbone of our …The scientists issuing this warning hope that our message will reach and affect people everywhere. We need the help of many. We require the help of the world community of scientists—natural, social, economic, and political. We require the help of the world's business and industrial leaders. We require the help of the …Committee of Concerned Scientists. The Committee of Concerned Scientists ( CCS) is an independent international organization devoted to the protection and advancement of human rights and scientific freedom of scientists, physicians, engineers, and scholars. [1]This charity's score is 99%, earning it a Four-Star rating. If this organization aligns with your passions and values, you can give with confidence. This overall score is calculated from multiple beacon scores, weighted as follows: 80% Accountability & Finance, 10% Leadership & Adaptability, 10% Culture & [email protected]. 202-331-5428. Julie McNamara is a deputy policy director with the Climate & Energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. Her research focuses on policies and measures that facilitate a rapid, sustained, and broadly beneficial transition of our nation’s energy system. This includes assessing energy, environmental ...Last week, the Union of Concerned Scientists released a report showing sea level rise could bring disruptive levels of flooding to nearly 670 coastal communities in the United States by the end of the century. Along with the report, UCS published an interactive map tool that lets you explore when and where chronic flooding–defined as 26 floods per … UCS Experts. Our staff experts include scientists, analysts, engineers, economists, agroecologists, policy experts, and many others. We believe that rigorous analysis is the best way to understand the world’s most pressing problems—and that hands-on advocacy is the quickest way to solve them. Expertise. Our personal vehicles are a major cause of global warming. Collectively, cars and trucks account for nearly one-fifth of all US emissions, emitting around 24 pounds of carbon dioxide and other global-warming gases for every gallon of gas. About five pounds comes from the extraction, production, and delivery of the fuel, while the great bulk of ...The risk of nuclear war remains unbearably high. We need Congress to get us on a safer path, one toward a world without nuclear weapons. House Resolution 77 is a crucial step towards ensuring the safety and security of the United States and the world. This resolution affirms the US commitment to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament ...The Committee of Concerned Scientists (“CCS”) is an independent organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars devoted to the protection and advancement of human rights and scientific freedom for colleagues all over the world. For almost 50 years CCS has been helping persecuted scholars overcome injustice and …How Nuclear Power Works. Published Jul 27, 2010 Updated Jan 29, 2014. Table of Contents. At a basic level, nuclear power is the practice of splitting atoms to boil water, turn turbines, and generate electricity. During fission, a neutron bombards a uranium atom, releasing more neutrons and triggering a chain reaction. J_Alves.The Committee of Concerned Scientists began as an ad hoc committee in Washington, D.C. and New York City in September 1972. A group of American scientists, physicians and engineers recognized the need to translate their deep concern about their colleagues who are denied their fundamental human rights …How Natural Gas Works. Natural gas, also known as methane or just "gas," is used in heating, cooking, electricity production, transportation, and as an industrial feedstock. In 2021, it made up 32 percent of the US energy mix, and has grown since. Because gas is a fossil fuel, like oil and coal, it releases large amounts of pollution and …Melissa Varga is Science Network Senior Manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists. She manages the online community for the Science Network, a group of more than 20,000 scientists and technical experts interested in science advocacy, which offers its members resources, trainings, webinars, and opportunities to get involved in the issues they care …Simply put, energy storage is the ability to capture energy at one time for use at a later time. Storage devices can save energy in many forms (e.g., chemical, kinetic, or thermal) and convert them back to useful forms of energy like electricity. Although almost all current energy storage capacity is in the form of pumped hydro and the ...July 7, 2020. The Committee of Concerned Scientists is an independent organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars that has been working, …The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is an American nonprofit global policy think tank with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure. FAS was founded in 1946 by scientists, including some who worked on the Manhattan Project, to develop the first atomic bombs.The Federation of American …Partners for the Earth is designed to allow maximum flexibility and ease to meet the needs of loyal members like you. To update your monthly donation amount, change your credit card, or cancel your monthly gift at any time, visit our Member Center. If you have any additional questions, you can call us toll-free at 800-666-8276 or send an e-mail ...12 months of record ocean heat has scientists puzzled and concerned. The huge temperature anomaly — which climate change alone is unlikely to explain — …Yes! Once materials have been recovered, they can then be processed and used in the manufacturing of new lithium-ion batteries. This is a preferable source to using virgin ore because it reduces the amount of mining necessary to produce EVs. Recent research has shown that by 2050 recycled materials could supply 45–52% of cobalt, 22–27% of ...UV radiation represents less than one percent of the energy from the sun—not enough to be the cause of the excess heat from human activities. Global warming is caused primarily from putting too much carbon into the atmosphere when coal, gas, and oil are burned to generate electricity or to run our cars.For questions about UCS work in the western United States. [email protected]. Pablo Ortiz is Senior Water and Climate Scientist for the Climate & Energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In his role, he takes the lead in identifying and developing analytic and research projects that further his …2 union of concerned scientists electricity—and we rated each region based on how charging and using an EV there compares with driving a gasoline ve-hicle. We also estimated, based on recent sales data, the aver-age efficiency of new EVs (battery-electric and plug-in electric vehicles combined) sold in the United States … nuclear weapons in the world's arsenals. Today, some 12,700 nuclear weapons remain in the world’s arsenals, with about 90 percent owned by the United States and Russia. Both countries are actively planning to build new weapons, sparking a 21st century arms race and increasing the risk of nuclear war. Meanwhile, many of the Cold War’s most ... nuclear weapons in the world's arsenals. Today, some 12,700 nuclear weapons remain in the world’s arsenals, with about 90 percent owned by the United States and Russia. Both countries are actively planning to build new weapons, sparking a 21st century arms race and increasing the risk of nuclear war. Meanwhile, many of the Cold War’s most ... The Highest Stakes. Published Dec 13, 2023. With the backdrop of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), Jess catches up with lawyer and climate negotiator Hafij Khan about the critical Loss and Damage fund and this year's conference.Scientists have considered the sun-climate hypothesis to explain Earth’s rapid warming. The evidence collected show that the sun noticeably affects our climate over millions of years, but it is not the cause of recent warming. The rate at which energy from the Sun reaches the top of Earth’s atmosphere is called “total solar irradiance ...The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based activist group that uses science policy and climate change to advocate for left-of-center policies. …Committee of Concerned Scientists. The Committee of Concerned Scientists ( CCS) is an independent international organization devoted to the protection and advancement of human rights and scientific freedom of scientists, physicians, engineers, and scholars. [1]2.5k. Every day for the last 12 months, the world’s sea surface temperatures have broken records. Ocean scientists are growing increasingly concerned. “It’s not …2024 wall calendar from the Union of Concerned Scientists who gets 50% of this sale. Each month features a cartoon that is sure to make any Concerned Scientists in your life feel good about themselves. Can also be burned for warmth in case of a polar-vortex cold snap brought on by climate change. From a smoke-free home.<br>.According to the Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI), more than 40 Iranian university students were arrested in protests taking place in Iran between December 30, 2017 and January 4, 2018. It has been reported that most of the students detained are members of university trade unions or work for student publications. Most of the students arrestedOur personal vehicles are a major cause of global warming. Collectively, cars and trucks account for nearly one-fifth of all US emissions, emitting around 24 pounds of carbon dioxide and other global-warming gases for every gallon of gas. About five pounds comes from the extraction, production, and delivery of the fuel, while the great bulk of ...Emissions from smokestacks and tailpipes, however, do not tell the full story. The drilling and extraction of gas from wells and its transportation in pipelines results in the leakage of methane, the primary component of natural gas. Methane is 34 times stronger than CO2 at trapping heat over a 100-year period and 86 times …Samantha's blog. Samantha Houston is a senior vehicles analyst for the Clean Transportation program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In her role, she works to promote public policy and private investments for infrastructure supporting widespread electric vehicle integration. She also provides analysis on modernizing electric grids for ...The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) documented 98 attacks on science during the eight years of the George W. Bush administration and 19 under the Obama administration (UCS 2022). During President Trump's four years in office, UCS documented 206 attacks on science (Desikan et al. 2023; UCS 2022).Industrial farming is bad for the health of workers, eaters, and downstream neighbors. Here are some of its costly health impacts: Pesticide toxicity. Herbicides and insecticides commonly used in agriculture have been associated with both acute poisoning and long-term chronic illness. Water pollution from fertilizer …How Nuclear Power Works. Published Jul 27, 2010 Updated Jan 29, 2014. Table of Contents. At a basic level, nuclear power is the practice of splitting atoms to boil water, turn turbines, and generate electricity. During fission, a neutron bombards a uranium atom, releasing more neutrons and triggering a chain reaction. J_Alves.Concerned Scientists and particularly members of the Clean Vehicles Program for their thoughtful input and advice. Thanks also go to Karin Matchett for editing, Rob Catalano for layout and design, and Cynthia DeRocco and Bryan Wadsworth for production oversight. The authors thank the following people for their help reviewing this report,January 23, 2024. Founded in 1945 by Albert Einstein, J. Robert Oppenheimer, and University of Chicago scientists who helped develop the first atomic weapons in the Manhattan Project, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists created the Doomsday Clock two years later, using the imagery of apocalypse (midnight) and the contemporary idiom of nuclear ...They accounted for most of the failed generating capacity in a number of recent extreme weather events, including Winter Storm Uri in 2021 and Winter Storm Elliott in 2022, according to Gas Malfunction, a new Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) issue brief.Stephen Young. At the end of 2022, countries had a total of 6,718 active satellites orbiting the planet, an increase of nearly 2,000 satellites in just one year. The bar chart below lays out the massive expansion in space assets that started in 2020 and has only kept going, increasing by an average of almost 30% in each of the last three years.3. EVs are much more than the Tesla Model S. Tesla gets the lion’s share of attention in the EV market, and for good reason. Tesla has led in plug-in car sales and the introduction of the Tesla Model S in 2012 changed many people’s impression of what an electric car is. While some may have thought EVs were “golf carts”, unstylish, or ...Below is a statement by Rachel Licker, senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). “When scientists sounded the alarm about the addictive and deadly effects of tobacco products, tobacco companies launched a huge campaign to mislead consumers and policymakers about the dangers of smoking so that lawmakers …For questions about UCS work in the western United States. [email protected]. Don Anair is the Research Director for the Clean Transportation Program, working on state and national transportation, air quality, and global warming policy. Mr. Anair is an engineer with expertise on fuels and transportation …Union of Concerned Scientists. 241,286 likes · 2,395 talking about this. We use science to address global problems and improve people’s lives.Get in touch by phone or mail (listed below), via Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter, or by submitting one of our contact forms. Media queries can be submitted to our press contacts, listed here. Member and donation inquiries can be directed to [email protected] or to our Member Line, (800) 666-8276. 2024 CSD Election Science Task Force. We've assembled an Election Science Task Force, who are actively working to make our electoral system as representative and reflective of our society as it can be. Activist Resource. The Union of Concerned Scientists puts rigorous, independent science to work to solve our planet's most pressing problems. Join with citizens across the country to advocate for innovative, practical solutions for a healthy, safe, and sustainable future.In April 2020 it launched a $300 million program in April 2020 to restore the Great Barrier Reef—this pot of money funds research, technological development and …“The Union of Concerned Scientists and many other national and grassroots organizations have made recommendations for many years on trust building, scientific integrity and science communication. There is a great degree of alignment in recommended changes to better serve the public interest in policy decisions, rather than political or ... Member and donation inquiries can be directed to [email protected] or to our Member Line, (800) 666-8276. Frequently-asked questions. Give by phone or mail. Other inquiries: get in touch through our contact form. As a parent, I hope we are leaving the planet in a state that will allow our children to survive and thrive. Melissa Varga is Science Network Senior Manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists. She manages the online community for the Science Network, a group of more than 20,000 scientists and technical experts interested in science advocacy, which offers its members resources, trainings, webinars, and opportunities to get involved in the issues they care … Melissa Finucane is Vice President of Science & Innovation at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In her role, she ensures UCS positions and solutions are informed by robust, independent, and equity-informed scientific analysis, and works with our technical staff and outside experts to identify leading-edge research opportunities that contribute to the organization’s mission. Transportation is the largest source of global warming emissions in the United States, with passenger cars and trucks being the single largest contributor, so we know a swift transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is a critical part of addressing climate change. Improving access to cleaner transportation options for communities of color, including …There is a strong connection between climate change and wildfires. Wildfire activity in the United States is changing dangerously, particularly in the west, as conditions become hotter and drier due to climate change. Past forest and fire management practices often exacerbate wildfire risk. Development patterns can both increase people exposed ...She and the Union of Concerned Scientists, a nonprofit organization that - 8 - describes itself as representing commenced this suit in January 2018. the scientific community, They seek both a declaration that the directive's bar on grant-recipient advisory committee members was unlawful and an injunction against it. included four counts. We're here to solve the planet's most pressing problems. Our mission: The Union of Concerned Scientists puts rigorous, independent science into action, developing solutions and advocating for a healthy, safe, and just future. Most estimates of life-cycle emissions for photovoltaic systems are between 0.07 and 0.18 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Most estimates for concentrating solar power range from 0.08 to 0.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. In both cases, this is far less than the …Committee of Concerned Scientists. The Committee of Concerned Scientists ( CCS) is an independent international organization devoted to the protection and advancement of human rights and scientific freedom of scientists, physicians, engineers, and scholars. [1]The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased …Feb 22, 2023 · Fortunately, the latest Union of Concerned Scientists survey of federal scientists shows the powerful, positive effects of strengthening scientific integrity policies under President Biden. While challenges remain, the survey found improvements in scientific integrity over previous administrations, and scientists say morale and working ... The good news is that we know how to build a better food system—one that provides healthy, sustainably produced food for all and treats everyone at every stage of the system fairly. A growing movement of farmers, workers, scientists, community activists and eaters is working to make this vision a reality. UCS is part of this … Committee of Concerned Scientists An international non-profit organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars dedicated to protecting the human rights and scientific freedom of our colleagues around the world. WASHINGTON—Experts from the U.S.-based Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) will be attending the 60th session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—being held in Istanbul, Türkiye, from January 16-19—as participants from an official observer organization. At this meeting, policymakers and …The environmental impacts associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water use, and the use of hazardous materials in manufacturing, though the types of impacts vary greatly depending on the scale of the system and the technology used—photovoltaic (PV) solar cells or …NPR's Rachel Martin talks to Rachel Cleetus of the Union of Concerned Scientists, about the latest U.N. climate report which is focused on ways to combat climate warming. The latest United Nations ...US electricity from nuclear power. In the 1970s and 80s, more than a hundred nuclear reactors were built in the United States. They promised abundant, safe, “clean” energy, free from the pollution associated with coal and other fossil fuels. Today, most of those reactors remain in operation, in varying states of condition.The Union of Concerned Scientists puts rigorous, independent science to work to solve our planet's most pressing problems. Join with citizens across the country to advocate for innovative, practical solutions for a healthy, safe, and sustainable future.12 months of record ocean heat has scientists puzzled and concerned. The huge temperature anomaly — which climate change alone is unlikely to explain — …Mar 5, 2013 · Most estimates of life-cycle emissions for photovoltaic systems are between 0.07 and 0.18 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Most estimates for concentrating solar power range from 0.08 to 0.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. In both cases, this is far less than the lifecycle emission rates for natural ... US electricity from nuclear power. In the 1970s and 80s, more than a hundred nuclear reactors were built in the United States. They promised abundant, safe, “clean” energy, free from the pollution associated with coal and other fossil fuels. Today, most of those reactors remain in operation, in varying states of condition.Committee of Concerned Scientists. The Committee of Concerned Scientists ( CCS) is an independent international organization devoted to the protection and advancement of human rights and scientific freedom of scientists, physicians, engineers, and scholars. [1]The Union of Concerned Scientists sought review of a Department of Energy (DOE) rule concerning the designation of “critical electric infrastructure information,” 16 U.S.C. 824o-1(a)(3), exempted from FOIA disclosure and not to be “made available by any Federal, State, political subdivision or tribal authority pursuant to any Federal, State, …Jan 20, 2017 · Science is at the core of a healthy democracy. But for years, presidential administrations have, in differing ways, sidelined scientific evidence and attacked scientific integrity. Below is a running list of attacks on science. They include disappearing data, silenced scientists, suppressed studies, and other assaults on science-based policy. FAS envisions a world where cutting-edge science, technology, ideas and talent are deployed to solve the biggest challenges of our time. We embed science, technology, innovation, and experience …Scientists evaluating resource availability through mining typically look at two categories: the total available resources and the reserves. This distinction is important because the reserves represent the global resources that are economical to extract, while the total resources represent an estimate of the finite global resources .Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc. c/o Alexandra Bender, Executive Director. P.O.Box 273. Mountainhome, PA 18342. If you have questions please call (570) 994-2093 or. Email: abender@ concernedscientists.org. Please make all checks out to The Committee of Concerned Scientists. Many thanks. Donations to the Committee of Concerned Scientists ...

Mar 5, 2013 · Most estimates of life-cycle emissions for photovoltaic systems are between 0.07 and 0.18 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Most estimates for concentrating solar power range from 0.08 to 0.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. In both cases, this is far less than the lifecycle emission rates for natural ... . Sprouts fort collins

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The Committee of Concerned Scientists (“CCS”) is an independent organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars devoted to the protection and advancement of human rights and scientific freedom for colleagues all over the world. For almost 50 years CCS has been helping persecuted scholars overcome injustice and …Median compensation packages for AI research scientists at Meta climbed from $256,000 in 2020 to $335,250 in 2023, according to Levels.fyi, a salary-tracking …For over 70 percent of Americans, driving an EV results in fewer emissions than even a 50 MPG gasoline vehicle. We now find the overall global warming emissions from using an EV is significantly lower for most of the US. Several regions of the country showed significant decreases in emissions, as compared to our first EV emissions …How coal is formed. Coal is formed when dead plant matter submerged in swamp environments is subjected to the geological forces of heat and pressure over hundreds of millions of years. Over time, the plant matter …The Union of Concerned Scientists puts rigorous, independent science to work to solve our planet's most pressing problems. Joining with people across the country, we combine technical analysis and effective advocacy to create innovative, practical solutions for a …2.5k. Every day for the last 12 months, the world’s sea surface temperatures have broken records. Ocean scientists are growing increasingly concerned. “It’s not …WASHINGTON—Experts from the U.S.-based Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) will be attending the 60th session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—being held in Istanbul, Türkiye, from January 16-19—as participants from an official observer organization. At this meeting, policymakers and …Statement by Dr. Andrew A. Rosenberg, Union of Concerned Scientists. Published Feb 3, 2021. WASHINGTON (February 3, 2021)—Rep. Paul Tonko has introduced the Scientific Integrity Act of 2021. This bill would protect federal science from political interference and enable scientists to speak openly with the public about their work.The Highest Stakes. Published Dec 13, 2023. With the backdrop of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28), Jess catches up with lawyer and climate negotiator Hafij Khan about the critical Loss and Damage fund and this year's conference.nuclear weapons in the world's arsenals. Today, some 12,700 nuclear weapons remain in the world’s arsenals, with about 90 percent owned by the United States and Russia. Both countries are actively planning to build new weapons, sparking a 21st century arms race and increasing the risk of nuclear war. Meanwhile, many of the … An independent non-profit organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars dedicated to protecting the human rights and scientific freedom of our colleagues around the world. For over 70 percent of Americans, driving an EV results in fewer emissions than even a 50 MPG gasoline vehicle. We now find the overall global warming emissions from using an EV is significantly lower for most of the US. Several regions of the country showed significant decreases in emissions, as compared to our first EV emissions …An independent non-profit organization of scientists, physicians, engineers and scholars dedicated to protecting the human rights and scientific freedom of our colleagues …In October of 2023, the Union of Concerned Scientists partnered with New Diplomacy Initiative from Japan and Korea’s Korea Diplomacy Plaza to organize the first East Asian Quadrilateral Dialogue between the United States, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Our goal is to use this forum to explore new ideas and set an example for our ...Nov 9, 2021 · A misplaced focus on population growth as a key driver of past, present, and future climate change conflates a rise in emissions with an increase in people, rather than the real source of those emissions: an increase in cars, power plants, airplanes, industries, buildings, and other parts of our fossil fuel-dependent economy and lifestyles. Most estimates of life-cycle emissions for photovoltaic systems are between 0.07 and 0.18 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Most estimates for concentrating solar power range from 0.08 to 0.2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. In both cases, this is far less than the …International experts create framework for safer pathogen research. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists informs the public about threats to the survival and development of humanity from nuclear weapons, climate …Disinformation is more likely to take root and proliferate if people lack reliable access to accurate, up-to-date information. In the past, scientific experts have played a key role in providing such information to the public. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, federal scientists, especially CDC scientists, were silenced ….

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